Journal · 2025

SelfLoc: Robust Self-Supervised Indoor Localization with IEEE 802.11az Wi-Fi for Smart Environments.

Hamada Rizk , Ahmed Elmogy.

Electronics, 14(13), 2675.

DOI: 10.3390/electronics14132675

Abstract

Accurate and scalable indoor localization is a key enabler of intelligent automation in smart environments and industrial systems. In this paper, we present SelfLoc, a self-supervised indoor localization system that combines IEEE 802.11az Round Trip Time (RTT) and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) data to achieve fine-grained positioning using commodity Wi-Fi infrastructure. Unlike conventional methods that depend heavily on labeled data, SelfLoc adopts a contrastive learning framework to extract spatially discriminative and temporally consistent representations from unlabeled wireless measurements. The system integrates a dual-contrastive strategy: temporal contrasting captures sequential signal dynamics essential for tracking mobile agents, while contextual contrasting promotes spatial separability by ensuring that signal representations from distinct locations remain well-differentiated, even under similar signal conditions or environmental symmetry. To this end, we design signal-specific augmentation techniques for the physical properties of RTT and RSSI, enabling the model to generalize across environments. SelfLoc also adapts effectively to new deployment scenarios with minimal labeled data, making it suitable for dynamic and collaborative industrial applications. We validate the effectiveness of SelfLoc through experiments conducted in two realistic indoor testbeds using commercial Android devices and seven Wi-Fi access points. The results demonstrate that SelfLoc achieves high localization precision, with a median error of only 0.55 m, and surpasses state-of-the-art baselines by at least 63.3% with limited supervision. These findings affirm the potential of SelfLoc to support spatial intelligence and collaborative automation, aligning with the goals of Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0, where seamless human–machine interactions and intelligent infrastructure are key enablers of next-generation smart environments.

Research Note

屋内測位を実際の建物に導入しようとすると、精度そのものよりも、事前にどれだけ正解付きのデータを集めなければならないかが障壁になります。場所ごとに人が立って電波を測って回る作業が必要になるためで、環境が変わるたびにこれをやり直すのは現実的ではありません。

本研究の SelfLoc は、IEEE 802.11az の往復時間(RTT)と受信強度(RSSI)を組み合わせつつ、ラベルの付いていない測定値から対照学習で表現を獲得する自己教師あり学習の枠組みを取っています。使っている対照の仕方は二本立てで、時間方向の対照によって移動している対象を追うのに必要な信号の時間的な連続性を捉え、文脈方向の対照によって、電波の状況が似ていたり空間が対称だったりしても異なる場所の表現が混ざらないようにしています。

さらに、RTT と RSSI それぞれの物理的な性質に合わせたデータ拡張を設計することで、学習した表現が別の環境でも通用するようにしています。これによって、新しい場所に持ち込むときも少量のラベル付きデータで適応できます。

市販の Android 端末と7台のアクセスポイントを使った二つの実環境の評価では、測位誤差の中央値 0.55m を達成し、ラベルが限られる条件下で既存手法を少なくとも 63.3% 上回りました。

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