International Conference · 2024

Privacy-Preserved Taxi Demand Prediction System Utilizing Distributed Data

Ren Ozeki , Haruki Yonekura , Hamada Rizk , Hirozumi Yamaguchi

In Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (SIGSPATIAL '24).pp.123–134

DOI: 10.1145/3678717.3691234

Abstract

Accurate taxi-demand prediction is essential for optimizing taxi operations and enhancing urban transportation services. However, using customers' data in these systems raises significant privacy and security concerns. Traditional federated learning addresses some privacy issues by enabling model training without direct data exchange but often struggles with accuracy due to varying data distributions across different regions or service providers. In this paper, we propose CC-Net: a novel approach using collaborative learning enhanced with contrastive learning for taxi-demand prediction. Our method ensures high performance by enabling multiple parties to collaboratively train a demand-prediction model through hierarchical federated learning. In this approach, similar parties are clustered together, and federated learning is applied within each cluster. The similarity is defined without data exchange, ensuring privacy and security. We evaluated our approach using real-world data from five taxi service providers in Japan over fourteen months. The results demonstrate that CC-Net maintains the privacy of customers' data while improving prediction accuracy by at least 2.2% compared to existing techniques.

Research Note

タクシーの需要をあらかじめ読めれば車両の配置を最適化できますが、そのためには乗客の乗降データを使うことになるため、プライバシーと安全性の問題が避けられません。複数の事業者のデータを一箇所に集めればモデルの精度は上がるものの、事業者間でデータそのものをやり取りするわけにはいかないという事情もあります。

こうした場面で使われるのが連合学習で、データを交換せずにモデルの更新分だけを持ち寄って学習を進める枠組みです。ただ、地域や事業者によってデータの分布がかなり違うため、そのまま平均すると精度が落ちるという弱点がありました。

本研究の CC-Net は、連合学習に対照学習を組み合わせ、さらに階層化することでこれに対処しています。まず性質の似た事業者どうしをクラスタにまとめ、そのクラスタの中で連合学習を行うという二段構えです。似ているかどうかの判定はデータを交換せずに行うため、プライバシーと安全性は保たれます。

日本国内の5つのタクシー事業者から得た14か月分の実データで評価したところ、乗客データを外に出さないまま、既存手法に対して予測精度を少なくとも 2.2% 改善しました。

A Platform for Digitalizing Knowledge of Regional Communities

A Platform for Digitalizing Knowledge of Regional Communities

Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) CREST
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